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VITA VMK Master®

For full veneering of metal frameworks in the conventional CTE range

VITA VMK Master is a natural feldspar veneering ceramic for conventional bonding alloys (approx. 13.8 – 15.2 µm/mK).

Regardless of whether the conventional alloys are cast, milled or sintered.

Precise and reliable processing.
 
A master in terms of reliability, suitability for everyday use and esthetics – that's VITA VMK Master.

  • A material that makes no compromises when it comes to reliability and esthetics
  • Precise and reliable processing, allowing it to be learned quickly
  • Excellent processing characteristics, such as improved modeling properties, simple handling and minimum shrinkage behavior
  • Conventional, established dentin-incisal layering system
  • Comprehensive range of additional materials for individualization
  • Highly esthetic restorations thanks to brilliant colors
  • Available in VITA SYSTEM 3D-Master and VITA classical A1 – D4 shades

VITA VMK Master® products

VITA VMK Master® VITA classical A1-D4®

VITA VMK Master OPAQUE PASTE, 5 g
Description Prod. no. 5 g
A1 B483015
A2 B483025
A3 B483035
A3.5 B483045
A4 B483055
B1 B483065
B2 B483075
B3 B483085
B4 B483095
C1 B483105
C2 B483115
C3 B483125
C4 B483135
D2 B483145
D3 B483155
D4 B483165
VITA VMK Master OPAQUE, 12 g / 50 g / 250 g
Description Prod. no. 12 g Prod. no. 50 g Prod. no. 250 g
A1 B4840112 B4840150 B48401250
A2 B4840212 B4840250 B48402250
A3 B4840312 B4840350 B48403250
A3.5 B4840412 B4840450 -
A4 B4840512 B4840550 -
B1 B4840612 B4840650 -
B2 B4840712 B4840750 -
B3 B4840812 B4840850 -
B4 B4840912 B4840950 -
C1 B4841012 B4841050 -
C2 B4841112 B4841150 -
C3 B4841212 B4841250 -
C4 B4841312 B4841350 -
D2 B4841412 B4841450 -
D3 B4841512 B4841550 -
D4 B4841612 B4841650 -
VITA VMK Master OPAQUE DENTINE, 12 g / 50 g
Description Prod. no. 12 g Prod. no. 50 g
A1 B4843112 B4843150
A2 B4843212 B4843250
A3 B4843312 B4843350
A3.5 B4843412 B4843450
A4 B4843512 B4843550
B1 B4843612 B4843650
B2 B4843712 B4843750
B3 B4843812 B4843850
B4 B4843912 B4843950
C1 B4844012 B4844050
C2 B4844112 B4844150
C3 B4844212 B4844250
C4 B4844312 B4844350
D2 B4844412 B4844450
D3 B4844512 B4844550
D4 B4844612 B4844650
VITA VMK Master DENTINE, 12 g / 50 g / 250 g
Description Powder no. Prod. no. 12 g Prod. no. 50 g Prod. no. 250 g
A1 EN1 B4845112 B4845150 B48451250
A2 EN1 B4845212 B4845250 B48452250
A3 EN1 B4845312 B4845350 B48453250
A3.5 EN2 B4845412 B4845450 B48454250
A4 EN2 B4845512 B4845550 -
B1 EN2 B4845612 B4845650 B48456250
B2 EN2 B4845712 B4845750 B48457250
B3 EN2 B4845812 B4845850 -
B4 EN2 B4845912 B4845950 -
C1 EN2 B4846012 B4846050 B48460250
C2 EN2 B4846112 B4846150 B48461250
C3 EN1 B4846212 B4846250 B48462250
C4 EN1 B4846312 B4846350 -
D2 EN2 B4846412 B4846450 B48464250
D3 EN2 B4846512 B4846550 -
D4 EN2 B4846612 B4846650 -

VITA VMK Master® VITA SYSTEM 3D-MASTER®

VITA VMK Master DENTINE, 12 g / 50 g / 250 g
Description Powder no. Prod. no. 12 g Prod. no. 50 g Prod. no. 250 g
0M1 EN1 B4803112 B4803150 -
0M2 EN1 B4803212 B4803250 -
0M3 EN1 B4803312 B4803350 -
1M1 EN1 B4803412 B4803450 B48034250
1M2 EN1 B4803512 B4803550 B48035250
2L1.5 EN1 B4803612 B4803650 B48036250
2L2.5 EN1 B4803712 B4803750 -
2M1 EN1 B4803812 B4803850 B48038250
2M2 EN1 B4803912 B4803950 B48039250
2M3 EN1 B4804012 B4804050 -
2R1.5 EN1 B4804112 B4804150 -
2R2.5 EN1 B4804212 B4804250 B48042250
3L1.5 EN1 B4804312 B4804350 -
3L2.5 EN1 B4804412 B4804450 -
3M1 EN1 B4804512 B4804550 -
3M2 EN1 B4804612 B4804650 B48046250
3M3 EN1 B4804712 B4804750 -
3R1.5 EN1 B4804812 B4804850 -
3R2.5 EN3 B4804912 B4804950 -
4L1.5 EN1 B4805012 B4805050 -
4L2.5 EN1 B4805112 B4805150 -
4M1 EN1 B4805212 B4805250 -
4M2 EN3 B4805312 B4805350 -
4M3 EN3 B4805412 B4805450 -
4R1.5 EN1 B4805512 B4805550 -
4R2.5 EN3 B4805612 B4805650 -
5M1 EN1 B4805712 B4805750 -
5M2 EN3 B4805812 B4805850 -
5M3 EN3 B4805912 B4805950 -
VITA VMK Master OPAQUE DENTINE, 12 g / 50 g
Description Prod. no. 12 g Prod. no. 50 g
0M1 B4806112 B4806150
0M2 B4806212 B4806250
0M3 B4806312 B4806350
1M1 B4806412 B4806450
1M2 B4806512 B4806550
2L1.5 B4806612 B4806650
2L2.5 B4806712 B4806750
2M1 B4806812 B4806850
2M2 B4806912 B4806950
2M3 B4807012 B4807050
2R1.5 B4807112 B4807150
2R2.5 B4807212 B4807250
3L1.5 B4807312 B4807350
3L2.5 B4807412 B4807450
3M1 B4807512 B4807550
3M2 B4807612 B4807650
3M3 B4807712 B4807750
3R1.5 B4807812 B4807850
3R2.5 B4807912 B4807950
4L1.5 B4808012 B4808050
4L2.5 B4808112 B4808150
4M1 B4808212 B4808250
4M2 B4808312 B4808350
4M3 B4808412 B4808450
4R1.5 B4808512 B4808550
4R2.5 B4808612 B4808650
5M1 B4808712 B4808750
5M2 B4808812 B4808850
5M3 B4808912 B4808950
VITA VMK Master OPAQUE, 12 g / 50 g / 250 g
Description Prod. no. 12 g Prod. no. 50 g Prod. no. 250 g
OP0 B4825012 B4825050 -
OP1 B4825112 B4825150 B48251250
OP2 B4825212 B4825250 B48252250
OP3 B4825312 B4825350 B48253250
OP4 B4825412 B4825450 -
OP5 B4825512 B4825550 -
VITA VMK Master OPAQUE PASTE, 5 g
Description Prod. no. 5 g
OP0 B483505
OP1 B483515
OP2 B483525
OP3 B483535
OP4 B483545
OP5 B483555

VITA VMK Master® Additional Powder
compatible with VITA SYSTEM 3D-MASTER and VITA classical A1-D4 shades

VITA VMK Master TRANSLUCENT, 12 g / 50 g / 250 g
Description Prod. no. 12 g Prod. no. 50 g Prod. no. 250 g
T1 B4809112 - -
T2 B4809212 - -
T3 B4809312 - -
T4 B4809412 B4809450 B48094250
T5 B4809512 - -
T6 B4809612 - -
T7 B4809712 - -
T8 B4809812 - -
VITA VMK Master DENTINE MODIFIER, 12 g
Description Prod. no. 12 g
DM1 B4812112
DM2 B4812212
DM3 B4812312
DM4 B4812412
DM5 B4812512
DM6 B4812612
DM7 B4812712
DM8 B4812812
VITA VMK Master LUMINARY, 12 g
Description Prod. no. 12 g
LM1 B4814112
LM2 B4814212
LM3 B4814312
LM4 B4814412
LM5 B4814512
LM6 B4814612
VITA VMK Master PEARL TRANSLUCENT, 12 g
Description Prod. no. 12 g
PLT1 B4815112
VITA VMK Master OPAL TRANSLUCENT, 12 g
Description Prod. no. 12 g
OT1 B4817112
VITA VMK Master WINDOW, 12 g / 50 g / 250 g
Description Prod. no. 12 g Prod. no. 50 g Prod. no. 250 g
WIN B4818112 B4818150 B48181250
VITA VMK Master ENAMEL, 12 g / 50 g / 250 g
Description Prod. no. 12 g Prod. no. 50 g Prod. no. 250 g
EN1 B4819112 B4819150 B48191250
EN2 B4819212 B4819250 B48192250
EN3 B4819312 B4819350 B48193250
VITA VMK Master CERVICAL, 12 g
Description Prod. no. 12 g
CE1 B4820112
CE2 B4820212
CE3 B4820312
VITA VMK Master CORRECTIVE, 12 g
Description Prod. no. 12 g
COR1 B4822112
COR2 B4822212
VITA VMK Master GINGIVA, 12 g
Description Prod. no. 12 g
G1 B4823112
G2 B4823212
G3 B4823312
G4 B4823412
G5 B4823512
VITA VMK Master NECK, 12 g
Description Prod. no. 12 g
N1 B4824112
N2 B4824212
N3 B4824312
N4 B4824412
N5 B4824512
VITA VMK Master WASH OPAQUE, 12 g / 50 g
Description Prod. no. 12 g Prod. no. 50 g
WO B4825912 B4825950
VITA VMK Master MARGIN, 12 g
Description Prod. no. 12 g
MN B4826012
M1 B4826112
M2 B4826212
M3 B4826312
M4 B4826412
M5 B4826512
VITA VMK Master GINGIVA OPAQUE, 12 g
Description Prod. no. 12 g
GOL B4827112
GOD B4827312
VITA VMK Master WASH OPAQUE PASTE, 7 g
Description Prod. no. 7 g
WO B483597
VITA VMK Master GINGIVA OPAQUE PASTE, 5 g
Description Prod. no. 5 g
GOL B483715
GOD B483735

VITA VMK Master® kits

VITA VMK Master® VITA classical A1-D4®

VITA VMK Master® ONE COLOR KIT A2
One-shade kit for initial tests
BVMKOCSA2V2
Quantity Content Material
1 12 g VITA VMK Master OPAQUE A2
1 12 g VITA VMK Master OPAQUE DENTINE A2
1 12 g VITA VMK Master DENTINE A2
1 12 g VITA VMK Master ENAMEL EN1
1 12 g VITA VMK Master TRANSLUCENT T4
1 5 g VITA AKZENT Plus GLAZE POWDER
1 50 ml VITA MODELLING FLUID RS
1 50 ml VITA OPAQUE FLUID
1 20 ml VITA AKZENT Plus POWDER FLUID
VITA VMK Master® STARTER SET classical
Two-color set
BVMKSSC
Quantity Content Material
2 12 g VITA VMK Master OPAQUE A2 - A3
2 12 g VITA VMK Master OPAQUE DENTINE A2 - A3
2 12 g VITA VMK Master DENTINE A2 - A3
1 12 g VITA VMK Master ENAMEL EN1
1 12 g VITA VMK Master TRANSLUCENT T4
1 50 ml VITA MODELLING FLUID RS
1 50 ml VITA OPAQUE FLUID
1 VITA shade indicator stick A2
1 VITA shade indicator stick A3

VITA VMK Master® VITA SYSTEM 3D-MASTER®

VITA VMK Master® ONE COLOR KIT 2M2
One-shade kit for initial tests
BVMKOCS2M2V2
Quantity Content Material
1 12 g VITA VMK Master OPAQUE OP2
1 12 g VITA VMK Master OPAQUE DENTINE 2M2
1 12 g VITA VMK Master DENTINE 2M2
1 12 g VITA VMK Master ENAMEL EN1
1 12 g VITA VMK Master TRANSLUCENT T4
1 5 g VITA AKZENT Plus GLAZE POWDER
1 50 ml VITA MODELLING FLUID RS
1 50 ml VITA OPAQUE FLUID
1 20 ml VITA AKZENT Plus POWDER FLUID
VITA VMK Master® STARTER SET POWDER VITA SYSTEM 3D-MASTER®
Two-color set
BVMKSS3D
Quantity Content Material
2 12 g VITA VMK Master OPAQUE OP2 - OP3
2 12 g VITA VMK Master DENTINE 2M2, 3M2
2 12 g VITA VMK Master OPAQUE DENTINE 2M2, 3M2
1 12 g VITA VMK Master ENAMEL EN1
1 12 g VITA VMK Master TRANSLUCENT T4
1 50 ml VITA MODELLING FLUID RS
1 50 ml VITA OPAQUE FLUID
1 VITA shade indicator stick 2M2
1 VITA shade indicator stick 3M2

VITA VMK Master® Additional Powder
compatible with VITA SYSTEM 3D-MASTER and VITA classical A1-D4 shades

VITA VMK Master® ADDITIONAL SET
Additional materials for achieving special shade effects and individualizing the restoration
BVMKAS
Quantity Content Material
8 12 g VITA VMK Master TRANSLUCENT T1 - T8
8 12 g VITA VMK Master DENTINE MODIFIER DM1 - DM8
6 12 g VITA VMK Master LUMINARY LM1 - LM6
6 12 g VITA VMK Master MARGIN MN, M1 - M5
1 12 g VITA VMK Master PEARL TRANSLUCENT PLT1
1 12 g VITA VMK Master OPAL TRANSLUCENT OT1
1 50 ml VITA MODELLING FLUID
1 Shade guide for VITA VMK MASTER TRANSLUCENT
1 Shade guide for VITA VMK MASTER MARGIN / GINGIVA
1 Shade guide for VITA VMK MASTER DENTINE MODIFIER / LUMINARY
VITA VMK Master® GINGIVA SET POWDER
Natural-looking gingiva pastes
BVMKGS
Quantity Content Material
5 12 g VITA VMK Master GINGIVA G1 - G5
2 12 g VITA VMK Master GINGIVA OPAQUE GOL, GOD
1 Shade guide for VITA VMK MASTER MARGIN / GINGIVA
Product info

No. 10287 VITA VMK Master Produktinfo (Version 003)

EN

No. 10304 VITA VMK Master Quick Start (Version 004)

EN
FR
Instructions for use

VITA VMK Master Kurzversion (Version 002)

EN
FR

No. 1645 VITA VMK Master (Version 007)

EN
FR
Order blocks

No. 1654M VITA VMK Master VITA SYSTEM 3D-MASTER® (Version 002)

EN
FR

No. 1655M VITA VMK Master VITA classical A1-D4® (Version 002)

EN
FR
Press
Firing tables

VITA VMK Master / 4000 PT / VPad com + ex + clin (Version 001)

EN
FR
Safety data sheets

SD214 VITA VMK Master (Version 005)

General Risks

General Risks (Version 002)

EN
FR
Residual Risks

VITA Veneering Porcelain (Version 002)

EN
FR
Summary of Safety and Clinical Performance (SSCP)

NP BOND_VMK MASTER_VMK 95_VM 13 (Version 002)

EN

NP BOND_VMK MASTER_VMK 95_VM 13 (Version 001)

FR

Easy download for multiple documents

Download a .zip file containing all the selected files in a single step.
Simply tick the files then click here.
Tearing

Please check the following which could have caused
the problem:

  • Model in reduced tooth size particularly in the case of molars and bridges in order to achieve a homogeneous layer thickness of the ceramic. Ensure cuspal support in the posterior area, and U-shaped modellation of the interdental spaces.
  • Casting: ensure correct flame adjustment and temperature of induction or electronic casting equipment. Use the casting crucible and temperature recommended for the alloy.
  • Never mix alloys. Do not use more than one third of old metal.
  • Make sure to use clean sandblasting material and observe the manufacturer's instructions. Do not use any circuit blasting units.
  • Finish the entire surface of the crown or bridge in order to remove any reaction products of the alloy surface and the investment material or impurities in the surface. Finish the interdental spaces.
  • Various manufacturers no longer recommend oxidation firing. However, when changing alloys, oxidation firing should be carried out. It serves to check the oxide color, which must be homogeneous with the shade. There must be no stains or discolorations on the surface to be veneered. The oxide layer can be subsequently removed by sandblasting or etching.
  • When mixing all ceramic materials, ensure that no bubbles are formed. Ensure that the liquid is added to the powder from the side and the material is mixed thoroughly using a glass or agate spatula. The use of metal spatulas can lead to metal abrasion and discoloration of the ceramic.
  • Keep workplace clean: metal dust and dirty brush water can lead to problems.
  • Application of insulating liquid should not be too thick.
  • When firing bridges, always separate down to the opaque at the first firing. Shrinkage of the ceramic always occurs only in the thickest area. Therefore a uniform layer thickness is recommended. Do not use any dry or saw-toothed instruments. The use of these instruments can cause the ceramic to become detached and separated from the surface.
  • Ensure correct firing parameters and firing temperature. Carry out muffle test by using a mirror to see if the muffle is properly heated from all sides in the firing chamber.
  • If a rubber polisher is used before the final finishing, the surface must not be wetted with liquid again. It must first be cleaned. It is not sufficient to clean it using a steam cleaner or with water. Silicone residue at the surface must be removed mechanically.
  • Insulating material residue must not be on the ceramic surface. Contact with the freshly insulated antagonist teeth may also lead to problems.
  • When filling the interdental spaces during bridge correction, do not vibrate the material until dry; otherwise the material will not bond. Interdental spaces should be wetted with an oily liquid (e.g. VITA INTERNO) before filling.
Bubbles

Please check the following which could have caused
the problem:

  • Investment material was not correctly mixed (observe manufacturer's instructions and expiration date).
  • Check if the surface of the metal substructure exhibits any porosity.
  • Never mix alloys. Do not use more than one third of old metal.
  • Do not separate directly at the coping so that the sprue area can still be easily adjusted.
  • If possible, avoid soldering or lasering.
  • Make sure sandblasting material is clean. Observe the alloy manufacturer's instructions. Do not use any circuit blasting units. Sandblast at an angle of 45° to the surface to avoid the risk of penetration of abrasive material into the alloy.
  • When using etching agents, the restoration needs to be carefully cleaned afterwards.
  • Finish with clean, cross-cut tungsten carbide burs. Do not apply too much pressure and use the ppropriate rotation speed depending on the alloy.
  • Avoid heat development o the surface. Do not use abrasives for finishing different alloys.
  • Do not use diamond abrasives or diamond-coated rubber polishers for finishing.
  • Finish the entire surface of the crown or bridge in order to remove any reaction products of the alloy surface and the investment material or impurities in the surface. Finish the interdental spaces.
  • Grind in one direction in order to avoid overlapping.
  • Sandblast with particle size of 50 - 250 μm depending on the alloy. Adhere to recommended sandblasting pressure for different alloys and sandblast at an angle of 45° to avoid the risk of penetration of abrasive material into the alloy. Use disposable abrasives and ensure that sandblasting material is clean (observe alloy manufacturer's instructions).
  • Depending on the oxide surface etching is recommended by different manufacturers; the surface is "refined" by dissolving impurities. It is vital to clean the substructures thoroughly and make sure that no etching residue remains on the surface.
  • Various manufacturers no longer recommend oxidation firing. However, when changing alloys, oxidation firing should be carried out. It serves to check the oxide color, which must be homogeneous with the shade. There must be no stains or discolorations on the surface to be veneered. The oxide layer can be subsequently removed by sandblasting or etching.
  • The wash opaque must be applied in accordance with the working instructions to achieve good wetting of the surface. To ensure correct melting of the opaque, the required temperature must be adhered to. The use of wash opaque is not mandatory; wash opaque firing can also be carried out with the regular opaque porcelain (colored).
  • When mixing all ceramic materials, ensure that no bubbles are formed. Ensure that the liquid is added to the powder from the side and the material is mixed thoroughly using a glass or agate spatula. The use of metal spatulas can lead to metal abrasion and discoloration of the ceramic. Keep workplace clean; metal dust and dirty brush water can lead to problems.
  • Application of insulating liquid should not be too thick.
  • Ceramics should not be mixed with modelling liquid but with distilled water when remixing them. It must also be ensured that the mixture is bubble-free. Ensure a homogeneous moisture level of the layered ceramic on the crown. Do not keep re-wetting or allow it to dry out.
  • Burs may only be used for processing one material.
  • Do not use burs which have been previously used for grinding titanium.
Shade too pale after firing

Please check the following which could have caused
the problem:

  • Ceramics should not be mixed with modelling liquid but with distilled water when remixing them. It must also be ensured that the mixture is bubble-free. Ensure a homogeneous moisture level of the layered ceramic on the crown. Do not keep re-wetting or allow it to dry out. Burs may only be used for processing one material.
  • Ensure correct firing parameters and firing temperature.
  • Insulation material residue must not be on the ceramic surface. Contact with the freshly-insulated antagonist teeth (opposing jaw) can lead to problems.
  • Firing temperature too low.
  • Not enough Base Dentine used.
  • Too much Transpa Dentine used.
  • Too much dentine used.
  • Veneer thickness is not sufficient enough to ensure reliable shade reproduction, a layer thickness of ≥ 0.6 mm is required.
Shade too grey after firing

Please check the following which could have caused
the problem:

  • The wash opaque must be applied in accordance with the working instructions to achieve good wetting of the surface. To ensure correct melting of the opaque, the required temperature must be adhered to. The use of wash opaque is not mandatory; the wash opaque firing can also be carried out with the regular opaque porcelain (colored).
  • After applying, the opaque should mask the surface completely to ensure reliable reproduction of the shade; if necessary it must be applied a second time.
  • When mixing ceramic materials, ensure that no bubbles are formed. Ensure that the liquid is added to the powder from the side and the material is mixed thoroughly using a glass or agate spatula. The use of metal spatulas can lead to metal abrasion and discoloration of the ceramic. Keep workplace clean; metal dust and dirty brush water can lead to problems.
  • Application of insulating liquid should not be too thick.
  • Insulation material residue must not be on the ceramic surface. Contact with the freshly-insulated antagonist teeth (opposing jaw) can lead to problems.
  • Opaque does not completely mask the surface.
  • Firing temperature too high or too low; ensure correct firing parameters and firing temperature. Carry out muffle test by using a mirror to see if the muffle is properly heated from all sides in the firing chamber
  • Too much Transpa Dentine used.
  • Veneer thickness is not sufficient; to ensure reliable shade reproduction, a layer thickness of ≥ 0.6 mm is required.
Errors during firing

Please check the following which could have caused
the problem:

  • Ensure good marginal adaptation of the ceramics; if necessary brush the ceramic in these areas before firing (use a dry brush).
  • When firing bridges, always separate down to the opaque at the first firing. Shrinkage of the ceramic always occurs only in the thickest area. Therefore a uniform layer thickness is recommended. Do not use any dry or saw-toothed instruments. The use of these instruments can cause the ceramic to become detached and separated from the surface.
  • The crown has a "lifeless" appearance or exhibits insufficient translucency (may also be caused by unsuitable liquid).
  • Crown has a glassy appearance or round edges after firing: check the firing temperature accuracy.
Chipping

Please check the following which could have caused
the problem:

  • When modelling in wax, the minimum recommended layer thicknesses should be adhered to right from the beginning to ensure that a minimum layer thickness of 0.3 mm remains after finishing. Follow manufacturers' instructions regarding alloys. Non-precious metal alloys and high gold content alloys require different wall thicknesses.
  • Model in reduced tooth size particularly in the case of molars and bridges in order to achieve a homogeneous layer thickness of the ceramic. Ensure cuspal support in the posterior area, and U-shaped modellation of the interdental spaces. Sharp edges must be avoided.
  • Sprue the pattern according to the manufacturer's instructions. Observe the information on storage, expiration dates and processing for the investment material.
  • Casting: ensure correct flame adjustment and temperature of induction or electronic casting equipment. Use the casting crucible and temperature recommended for the alloy.
  • Never mix alloys. Do not use more than one third of old metal.
  • Do not separate directly at the coping so that the sprue area can still be easily adjusted.
  • Ensure homogeneous metal structure; if possible avoid soldering or lasering.
  • Make sure to use clean sandblasting material and observe the manufacturer's instructions. Do not use any circuit blasting units.
  • Before using etching agents, clean the restoration thoroughly.
  • Trim with clean, cross-cut tungsten carbide burs. Do not apply too much pressure and use the appropriate rotation speed depending on the alloy.
  • Avoid heat development at the surface. Do not use abrasives for different alloys when finishing. Do not use diamond abrasives or diamond-coated rubber polishers for finishing.
  • Finish the entire surface of the crown or bridge in order to remove any reaction products of the alloy surface and the investment material or impurities in the surface. Finish the interdental spaces.
  • Sandblast with particle size of 50 - 250 μm depending on the alloy. Adhere to recommended sandblasting pressure for different alloys and sandblast at an angle of 45° to avoid the risk of penetration of the abrasive material into the alloy. Use disposable abrasives and ensure that the sandblasting material is clean (observe alloy manufacturer's instructions).
  • Ensure correct firing parameters and firing temperature. Carry out muffle test by using a mirror to see if the muffle is properly heated from all sides in the firing chamber.
  • Grind the surface of the ceramic with diamond abrasives. Make sure the ceramic does not get too hot. When using blunt diamonds, do not increase the grinding pressure, but replace the tool. When using a turbine, always use water cooling.
Pinholing in the surface

Please check the following which could have caused
the problem:

  • When mixing all ceramic materials, ensure that no bubbles are formed. Ensure that the liquid is added to the powder from the side and the material is mixed thoroughly using a glass or agate spatula. The use of metal spatulas can lead to metal abrasion and discoloration of the ceramic. Keep workplace clean; metal dust and dirty brush can lead to problems.
  • Application of insulating liquid should not be too thick.
  • Ceramics should not be mixed with modelling liquid but with distilled water when remixing them. It must also be ensured that the mixture is bubble-free. Ensure a homogeneous moisture level of the layered ceramic on the crown. Do not keep re-wetting or allow it to dry out.
  • The correction porcelain should not be applied in very small portions. Make sure it does not dry out too much; if necessary use a liquid which keeps it moist longer.
  • Avoid frequent suction and rewetting of the material; a homogeneous moisture level is required.
Black dots in the ceramic

Please check the following which could have caused
the problem:

  • When mixing all ceramic materials, ensure that no bubbles are formed. Ensure that the liquid is added to the powder from the side and the material is mixed thoroughly using a glass or agate spatula. The use of metal spatulas can lead to metal abrasion and discoloration of the ceramic.
  • Keep workplace clean; metal dust and dirty brush water can lead to problems.
  • Application of insulating liquid should not be too thick.
Cracks in the metal ceramic

Please check the following which could have caused
the problem:

  • When modelling in wax, the minimum layer thicknesses should be adhered to right from the beginning to ensure that a minimum layer thickness of 0.3 mm remains after finishing. Follow manufacturers' instructions regarding alloys. Non-precious metal alloys and high gold content alloys require different wall thicknesses.
  • Model in reduced tooth size particularly in the case of molars and bridges in order to achieve a homogeneous thickness of the ceramic. Ensure cuspal support in the posterior area and U-shaped modellation of the interdental spaces. Sharp edges must be avoided.
  • Sprueing of the model according to the manufacturer's instructions. Observe the information on storage, expiration dates and processing for the investment material.
  • Casting: ensure correct flame adjustment and temperature of induction or electronic casting equipment. Use the casting crucible and temperature recommended for the alloy.
  • Never mix alloys. Do not use more than one third of old metal.
  • Do not separate directly at the coping so that the sprue area can still be easily adjusted.
  • Ensure homogeneous metal structure; if possible avoid soldering or lasering.
  • Make sure to use clean and suitable sandblasting material (manufacturer's instructions).
  • Before using etching agents clean (ultrasonic unit), the restoration thoroughly.
  • Trim with clean, cross-cut tungsten carbide burs. Do not apply too much pressure and use the given rotation speed depending on the alloy.
  • Avoid heat development at the surface. Do not use abrasives for different alloys for finishing. Do not use diamond abrasives or diamond-coated rubber polishers for finishing.
  • Finish the entire surface of the crown or bridge in order to remove any reaction products of the alloy surface with the investment material or impurities in the surface. Finishing should also be carried out in the interdental spaces.
  • Sandblast with particle size of 50 - 250 μm depending on the alloy. Adhere to recommended sandblasting pressure for different alloys and sandblast at an angle of 45°. Use disposable abrasives and ensure that sandblasting material is clean.
  • The wash opaque must be applied in accordance with the working instructions to achieve good wetting of the surface. To ensure correct melting of the opaque, the required temperature must be adhered to. The use of wash opaque is not mandatory; the wash opaque firing can also be carried out with the regular opaque porcelain (colored).
  • Observe the CTE of the alloy. The CTE of the ceramic must generally be lower than that of the metal. Experience gathered over numerous years has shown that the use of alloys with a CTE between 14 - 14.4, measured at 25-600 °C, produces very good results. If the CTE value of the alloy is higher, the temperature range between 900 °C to 700 °C must not be passed in less than three minutes during the cooling phase. However, this does not apply to each alloy. In individual cases successful firing performed by VITA Zahnfabrik may differ from the recommendations of the alloy manufacturers.
  • When firing bridges, always separate down to the opaque at the first firing. Shrinkage of the ceramic always occurs only in the thickest area. Therefore a uniform layer thickness is recommended. Do not use any dry or saw-toothed instruments. The use of these instruments can cause the ceramic to become detached and separated from the opaque surface.
  • Various manufacturers no longer recommend oxidation firing. However, when changing alloys, oxidation firing should be carried out. It serves to check the oxide shade, which must be homogeneous in shade. There must be no stains or discolorations on the surface to be veneered. The oxide layer can be subsequently removed by sandblasting or etching.
  • Ensure correct firing parameters and firing temperature. Carry out muffle test by using a mirror to see if the muffle is properly heated from all sides in the firing chamber.
  • Grind the surface of the ceramic with diamond abrasives. Make sure the ceramic is not ground when too hot. When using blunt diamonds, do not increase the grinding pressure but replace the tool. When using a turbine, always ensure water cooling.
Veneering of NPM (non-precious metal) alloys

Information on reliable veneering of NPM alloys

Since frameworks made from non-precious metal alloys conduct heat poorly and hence exhibit a different behavior than precious metal alloys, the following information must be observed when veneering NPM frameworks with VITA VM 13:

  • Only use special ceramic crucibles when casting NPM alloys.
  • Only new material may be cast.
  • When finishing the frameworks, sharp edges must be avoided.
  • Sandblast with 250 µm aluminium oxide at a pressure of 3-4 bars. The information of the alloy manufacturer must be adhered to!
  • To avoid discoloration, all surfaces not to be veneered should be sandblasted or ground after each firing process. Then they need to be cleaned thoroughly.
  • To achieve reliable bonding of VITA VM 13 to the NPM alloy, the temperature for the washbake must be 50°C and the temperature for the opaque firing must be 30° higher. This way improved wetting of the surface and enhanced bonding are ensured.
Clouding in the ceramic

Please check the following which could have caused
the problem:

  • Ensure correct firing parameters and firing temperature. Carry out muffle test with mirror to see if muffle is properly heated from all sides.
  • Insulation material residue must not be on the ceramic surface. Contact with the freshly insulated antagonist teeth (opposing jaw) can lead to problems.
  • The correction porcelain should not be applied in very small portions. Make sure it does not dry out too much; if necessary use a liquid which keeps it moist longer.
  • Firing temperature is too low.
  • Avoid constant suction and rewetting of the mixture; ensure homogeneous moisture level.
Deformation of substructures

Please check the following which could have caused
the problem:

  • General preparation guidelines must be observed.
  • When modelling in wax, the minimum layer thicknesses should be adhered to right from the beginning to ensure that sufficient material remains also after finishing.
  • Observe manufacturers' instructions regarding alloys.
  • Non precious metal alloys and high gold content alloys require different wall thicknesses.
  • Sprueing of the modellation according to the manufacturer's instructions.
  • Observe information on storage, expiration dates and processing of the investment material.
  • Observe the manufacturer's instructions on processing of the respective metal (alloy).
  • Ensure correct firing parameters and firing temperature. Carry out muffle test with mirror to see if muffle is properly heated from all sides.
  • Ensure correct flame adjustment and temperature of induction or electronic casting equipment.
  • Use the casting crucible recommended for the alloy. Do not cast different alloys in a single crucible.
  • Never mix alloys. Do not use more than one third of old metal.
Bonding problems – metal/ceramic

Please check the following which could have caused
the problem:

  • Casting: ensure correct flame adjustment and temperature of induction or electronic casting equipment. Use the casting crucible and temperature recommended for the alloy.
  • Never mix alloys. Do not use more than one third of old metal.
  • The wash opaque must be applied in accordance with the working instructions to achieve good wetting of the surface. To ensure correct melting of the opaque, the required temperature must be adhered to. The use of wash opaque is not mandatory; the wash opaque firing can also be carried out with the shaded opaque porcelain.
  • Bubbles or discolorations at the surface of the opaque must be avoided. The opaque must have a surface glaze.
  •  Freshly layered porcelain must not be preheated too quickly and at excessive temperatures.
  • When filling the interdental spaces during bridge correction, do not vibrate the material until dry; otherwise the material will not bond. Interdental spaces should be wetted with an oily liquid (e.g. VITA INTERNO FLUID) before filling.
Discolorations

Please check the following which could have caused
the problem:

  • Observe information on storage, expiration dates and processing of the investment material.
  • Casting: ensure correct flame adjustment and temperature of induction or electronic casting equipment. Use the crucibles and temperature recommended for the alloy.
  • Use the crucibles recommended for the alloy.
  • Ensure homogeneous metal structure; if possible avoid soldering or lasering.
  • Use recommended ceramic mixing liquid and observe the firing temperature.
Marginal recessions

Please check the following which could have caused
the problem:

  • Model in reduced tooth size particularly in the case of molars and bridges in order to achieve a homogeneous layer thickness of the ceramic. Ensure cuspal support in the posterior area, and U-shaped modellation of the interdental spaces.
  • The opaque must be applied in accordance with the working instructions. To ensure proper melting of the opaque, the correct temperature must be adhered to.
  • Avoid bubbles or discolorations at the surface of the opaque.
  • Ensure good marginal adaptation of the ceramics; if necessary brush the ceramic in these areas before firing (use a dry brush).
  • When firing bridges, always separate down to the opaque for the first firing. Shrinkage of the ceramic always occurs only in the thickest area. Therefore a uniform layer thick ness is recommended. Do not use any dry or saw-toothed instruments. The use of these instruments can cause the ceramic to become detached and separated from the surface.
  • Should a rubber polisher be used before the final finishing, the surface must not be wetted with liquid again. It must first be cleaned. It is not sufficient to clean it using a steam cleaner or with water. Silicone residue at the surface must be removed mechanically.
  • Insulation material residue must not be on the ceramic surface. Contact with the freshly-insulated antagonist teeth (opposing jaw) can lead to problems.
Two ceramic layers did not bond

Please check the following which could have caused
the problem:

  •  Do not place freshly layered and moist ceramic directly into the hot furnace.
  •  Ensure correct firing parameters and firing temperature; if required check furnace temperature. Carry out muffle test by using a mirror to see if the muffle is properly heated from all sides in the firing chamber.

  •  If a rubber polisher is used before final finishing (glaze firing), the surface must not be wetted with liquid again. It must first be cleaned. It is not sufficient to clean it using a steam cleaner or with water. Silicone residue must be removed mechanically from the surface.
  • Insulation material residue must not be on the ceramic surface. Contact with the freshly-insulated antagonist teeth (opposing jaw) can lead to problems.
  •  The correction porcelain should not be applied in very small portions. Make sure it does not dry out excessively; if necessary use a liquid which keeps it moist longer (VITA MODELLING FLUID).
  • Avoid constant blotting and wetting of the material.
  • When filling the interdental spaces during bridge correction, do not vibrate the material excessively; otherwise the material will not bond. Interdental spaces should be wetted with an oily liquid (e.g. Interno) before filling.

THIS IS WHY EXPERTS SWEAR BY VITA VMK Master®

VITA VMK MASTER is a feldspar veneering ceramic for metal frameworks in the conventional CTE range made of non-precious metal alloys, palladium-based alloys or alloys with a high or reduced gold content. Ceramic experts, such as Jürgen Freitag (Master Dental Technician), particularly value the versatility and high esthetic potential of VITA VMK Master. The material offers unsurpassed processing characteristics, such as minimized shrinkage, which enables the fabrication of veneers in a single firing process, as well as excellent modelling properties for fast and targeted application of the ceramic.

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VITA VMK Master with Bill Mrazek

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